Which layer of the pericardium is also known as the epicardium?

The visceral layer of the pericardium is indeed known as the epicardium. This layer is a vital component of the heart's structure, as it directly covers the outer surface of the heart muscle (myocardium). The epicardium plays an essential role in providing a smooth interface that reduces friction between the heart and surrounding structures during the heart's contractions. Additionally, it contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that supply the heart.

Understanding the distinction between the various layers of the pericardium is crucial. The parietal layer is the fibrous membrane that encapsulates the heart and anchors it in place within the thoracic cavity. The fibrous layer provides protection and structural support, while the serous layer consists of two parts: the parietal and visceral layers, with the visceral layer being synonymous with the epicardium. This hierarchy of layers helps to delineate their functions and anatomical relationships effectively.